Rudravarna Mahavihar (Okubahal), located in Patan, Nepal, is an ancient Newar Buddhist monastery dating back to the 6th century. Traditionally founded by King Shivadeva and later renovated by King Rudradeva, the Mahavihar is renowned for its architectural and cultural significance.
The entrance is marked by 17th-century stone lions, and the site features ornate Garudas, finely carved wooden windows, bells, vajras, and statues donated over centuries.
The monastery comprises three interconnected courtyards, each serving distinct purposes: the main courtyard is the spiritual heart with a central shrine, chaityas, and ritual artifacts; the second courtyard houses living quarters for priestly families and meditation spaces; and the third courtyard contains smaller shrines, ceremonial spaces, and intricate artistic elements, including stone and metal sculptures. The complex of Uku Baha comprises of three quadrangles: a) U Baha Gathica – Khanda Chuka Vihara; b) Uku Baha; c) Tago ChiBaha – Yantarivi Vihara.
Historically, Rudravarna Mahavihar is both a religious and civic center, hosting Vajrayana Buddhist rituals, royal ceremonies, and community gatherings. Today, it remains an active monastery, preserving centuries-old Newar craftsmanship, spiritual practices, and a serene, authentic atmosphere for visitors.
Location: South Patan, end of main street; near Mahaboudha Temple